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    The Master's Office process: how a deceased estate is reported and finalised

    The Master's Office sits at the centre of every deceased estate in South Africa. If you understand its role, the process becomes far less mysterious.

    Written by When I Am Gone editorial, Editorial team
    Published: 22 February 2026Last reviewed: 22 February 2026

    Reporting the estate

    Within 14 days of date of death, the estate must be reported to the Master of the High Court that has jurisdiction over the deceased's last ordinary residence.

    Reporting is done by lodging the Death Notice (J294), the original signed will, an Inventory of assets (J243), the Acceptance of Trust as Executor (J190), the deceased's identity document, and a death certificate.

    Where there is no will, the Next-of-Kin Affidavit (J192) is lodged instead, and the Master will appoint an executor (often the surviving spouse or eldest child) on the application.

    Letters of Executorship vs Letters of Authority

    If the gross value of the estate exceeds R250,000, the Master issues Letters of Executorship (J238). The executor must then follow the full administration process, including newspaper advertisements and a Liquidation and Distribution Account.

    If the gross value is R250,000 or less, the Master may issue Letters of Authority (J170) under Section 18(3). This is a simplified process: no advertisements, no L&D Account, and the appointed representative can deal with the assets directly.

    Section 29 and Section 35 advertisements

    After Letters of Executorship are issued, the executor must place a Section 29 advertisement in a local newspaper and the Government Gazette, giving creditors 30 days to lodge claims against the estate.

    Once the L&D Account is ready, a Section 35 advertisement gives the public 21 days to inspect the account at the Magistrate's Court and the Master's Office. If no objections are lodged, the executor can distribute the estate.

    Liquidation and Distribution Account

    The L&D Account is the financial reckoning of the estate. It lists every asset, every liability, every administration cost, and every heir's award.

    The first L&D Account must be lodged with the Master within six months of the issue of Letters of Executorship. The Master may grant an extension on application.

    Discharge and closure

    Once distributions have been made, SARS clearance obtained, and the executor's account submitted, the Master issues a Filing Slip confirming the estate is finalised.

    Realistically, even a simple estate takes six to twelve months. Estates with property transfers, trusts, or contested wills often run two to three years.

    Common questions

    How long does it take to wind up a deceased estate in South Africa?

    A simple estate typically takes six to twelve months from date of death to final discharge. Estates with immovable property transfers, trusts, or contested wills often take two to three years.

    What is the threshold for Letters of Authority instead of Letters of Executorship?

    Estates with a gross value of R250,000 or less can be administered under Letters of Authority issued under Section 18(3), which is a simplified process without advertisements or an L&D Account.

    This article is provided for general information only and does not constitute legal, tax or financial advice. Consult a qualified professional for advice on your circumstances.

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